Nelson Mandela Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Men Of AparthiedFrom 1948 to 1994 apartheid was enforced in South Africa. Apartheid was the name given to a work of legal segregation is South Africa. Apartheid first came about in 1948 when South Africas National party took power. South Africas judicature broke the demesnes population into four groups. Those groups were the whites, who consisted of approximately 13 percent of the population, Africans, who were 77 percent of the population, people who were of mixed descent comprised eight percent of the population, and Asians who were only 2 percent of the population. South Africas government set aside certain lands for each of the groups, and those groups were forced to live in those homelands. Besides residential segregation more other restrictions were placed on the black men and women of South Africa. For half of a century, these racist laws remained in place, completely unchanged. In the 1970s and 1980s the government in South Africa relaxed the laws slightly. Some of t hese changes included desegregating certain public facilities, lifting some occupational restriction, and repealing the law prohibiting intermarriage that had been in use since apartheid began. In 1983, the constitution allowed Asians and coloureds, hardly not blacks to have limited representation in the usually all white parliament. Thanks to the help of many people, apartheid was completely abolished in 1994. In 1990 hot seat F.W. de Klerk committed himself to the abolition of apartheid. De...

The Character of Meursault in The Outsider, by Albert Camus Essay

Meursault had an indifferent, nonchalant demeanour. The setting of the novel prevails in Algiers after the violation of the French. Since the novel was written post World War I, the political tension and fear in the society is vividly visible. Meursault was drastically different from the narrow tending(p) people who alienated him. Since the society had been colonized by the French, it was vulnerable, destabilized and wary of threats, Meursault was unaccepted by them. Meursault, the protagonist and narrator is a stoic and innocent figure. His indifferencee towards family and society was seeming in his reaction to his m otherwises death, relationship with his lover and the cold-blooded murder of the Arab.In the matter of his mother, he showed no sense of attachment, After the funeral, though, the case will be closed and everything will have a more official feel to it (Albert Camus, The Outsider, P era 1). He was relentless and continued to remain detached from her as he avoided me eting her at the old age home over the weekends. The only time he took the effort to visit her was when she passed away. The visit to his deathlike mother also seemed inappropriate to him as he contemplated in the bus, how he could have made that day more productive and interesting. The passing away of his mother seemed so irrelevant that he had no recollection of the day of her death. Meursault killed the Arab and had no resentment of this heinous act he had just committed. As he killed the Arab he displayed no sense of horror or guilt. Meursault heartlessly continued to shoot the Arabs cold corpse regardless of his behaviour, he refused to show any singularity of grief, Then I fired four more times at the motionless body where the bullets lodged without leaving a ... ... Meursault does not bother about other peoples actions. Compared to that of his society, Meursaults actions are unconventional and thus, make him more of an outsider or a stranger to the society. Clearly, Meurs ault is different from the people of his time and age and it is this among the many differences that mainly lead to his execution. The unwavering opinion of the judge against Meursault is reflective of the people then. These people were intolerant and scared of the truth. They were extremely narrow minded. Hence, they were scared of Meursault who was savagely honest all the way, which is why he was mistaken to be a threat to society. To get rid of this threat, they (through the judge) executed an exception to save the society from the swop of beliefs. Works CitedCamus, Albert, and Joseph Laredo. The Outsider. London Penguin, 2000. Print.

Frosts Life as a Poet Essay -- essays research papers fc

Robert ices Life as a PoetRobert Lee freeze was born in San Francisco, California on March 26 of 1974 and died in Boston, Massach exercisetts on January 29 of 1963. Though he did not truly scram publishing poems until age thirty-nine, Frost obtained four Pulitzer prizes in his writing career and was deemed one of the greatest twentieth century poets. His pastoral writing and skilled use of meter and rhythm has captured the attention of readers and critics for decades (Academic American, 345). Frost was actually fond of nature and the beauty of things around him and illustrated this in many of his poems. A proofreader stated that Frost was always occupied with the complicated task of simply being sincere (Faggen, I). This statement describes the writer well in the sense that Frosts works are very full of emotion. His use of the English language and the fact that he often seemed to be holding a petite something back in his writing has made him one of the most celebrated American writers ever. Frosts early years in life were very adverse. Frosts father, who named the boy after his idle Robert E. Lee, met his married woman in Pennsylvania while they were both teaching at Bucknell Academy. William Prescott Frost Jr. and his wife Isabelle Moodie married and moved to San Francisco where Robert was born. William Frost was a Harvard graduate and was the city editor for the San Francisco Daily Evening Post. Frosts family moved a good measurement and his father, who had serious drinking problems, died of tuberculosis in 1885 and left his mother and younger sister with very little money after burial expenses. The Frosts returned east to live with the paternal grandparents, but soon moved to Amherst, New Hampshire to stay with his great-aunt. Shortly after this the family returned to Lawrence, Mass. where Robert was placed in school as a third grader. Frost graduated here as co-valedictorian with Elinor White. Though he was moved often and had troubles with his fath er in his young life, Frost still hold good grades and two years before he graduated Frost had La Noche Triste printed in the high school bulletin. This was his first printed poem. Two years subsequent Frost graduated and read a speech titled A Monument to After-Thought Unveiled (Faggen, xi). This marked the end of Frosts childhood and the extraction of his adulthood and the many decisions that came with it.After high... ...een a favorite of poetic intellects and every day readers for decades. His triumphs and defeats are immortalized in his writings and his great accomplishment will be seen in them for as long as his poems endure.Works CitedArp, Thomas and Greg Johnson. Literature. New York Perrines Literature, 2002.Braithwaite, William Stanley. A Visit in Fanconia. The Boston Post . 14 Feb. 1916. 25 March 2003 .Brunner, Edward and Nelson Cary. On Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.Online posting. 2000. Jeffery Meyers, Karen L. Kilcup. 26 March 2003 .Faggen, Robert. The Cambr idge Companion to Robert Frost. United Kingdom Cambridge University Press, 2001.Jost, Walter. Lessons in the communion That We Are Robert Frosts Death of the Hired Man. College English. 58.4 (1996) 399.Pritchard, William H. Frost A Literary Life Reconsidered. New York Oxford University Press, 1984.Robert Frost The Acedameic American Encyclopedia. 14th ed. 1994.Sergeant, Elizabeth. Robert Frost The Trial by Existence. New York Holt, Rinehart and Wagner, Linda W. Robert Frost The Critical Reception. Michigan Burt Franklin &Co., Inc., 1977. Winston, 1960.

Teodoro Moscoso :: Essays Papers

Teodoro Moscoso Teodoro Moscoso and Puerto Ricos Operation Bootstrap by Alex W. Maldonado tells us about the life of Teodoro Moscoso, the architect of the frugal miracle which most experts did not believe could happen in Puerto Rico. Teodoro Moscoso was born in Barcelona on November 26, 1910. His mother, named Alejandrina Mora Fajardo, was a Spaniard from the Balearic island of Majorca. His father, also named Teodoro, was a pharmacist. He wanted to have a son that could help him accomplish, a branch of pharmacies through Puerto Rico. Moscoso attended school in New York and became a good English speaker. He graduated from pander High School soon after this, he was attending the Philadelphia School of Pharmacy. After studying there for 3 years he insisted to his father, to transfer him to the University of Michigan. He wanted to go there because it offered liberal arts courses which he wanted to study. After graduation in 1932 Moscoso returned to ponce to work at his fathers pharmacy. He married Gloria Snchez Vilella, sister of future Puerto Rico governor Roberto Snchez Vilella (1965-1969). Pharmacy work bored Moscoso, and in the mid 1930s when the Ponce Housing Authority (PHA) was about to lose a two million dollar grant, Pedro Juan Rosaly, a PHA board member approached Moscosos father and asked if his son could help. Moscosos command of the English language was what drew the interest of PHA officials. Moscoso saved the grant and from 1937 to 1941 he build nearly one thousand housing units, clearing many Ponce slums in the process. It was Moscosos work at PHA which captured the interest of the newly appointed governor of Puerto Rico, Rexford G. Tugwell. Tugwell was a member President Franklin D. Roosevelts brain trust, a group of well educated, committed Americans who went to Washington during the Great Depression to try to lift the nation out of the economic crisis. After a chance come across when Tugwell visited Moscosos pharmacy in Ponce, Teodoro went to work in La Fortaleza as assistant for housing. The title was a formality in order to get Moscoso a salary for his work, but the actual duties were far broader. Another important event in Teodoro Moscosos life occurred in the summer of 1940 when Moscoso met Luis Muoz Marn.

Exposing Pain in The Enormous Radio Essay examples -- Enormous Radio E

Exposing Pain in The Enormous Radio In John Cheevers short story, The Enormous Radio, Jim and Irene Westcott ar presented as average, middle-class Ameri freighters with hopes and dreams just like everyone else. They ar described as the kind of people who seem to strike that satisfactory average of income, endeavor, and respectability (Cheever 817). Jim and Irene vox populi they were the epitome of the perfect American family that was free from trouble and worry. The only way that they differed from their friends and neighbors was a deep passion for serious music. This passion, through the enormous radio, brought to their attention the actualisation that they had just as many problems as the next family. Their reaction to the radio argues the fact that they were not perfect and did not have a worry-free life. The first signaling that the radio was going to cause a problem was its physical appearance. Irene abhorred the radio She was struck at once with the physical ugliness of the large gumwood console (Cheever 817). The radio stuck out like a sore thumb in Irenes perfectly arranged living room. The radios appearance resembled what it would at last do, bring a new ugliness into the perfectly arranged lives of the Westcotts (Giordano 56). When the Westcotts first realize that they had possession of an eavesdropping machine, Irene becomes extremely paranoid about whether or not they are being overheard too, like they have something to hide. Irene quickly becomes obsessed with listening to others conversations, as Nathan Giordano points out it was like tuning into a soap opera on tv set (56). The Westcotts would stay up late at night to listen to others conversations some nights they went to bed weak wit... ...indeed have problems and that turning a blind eye to her problems doesnt help solve them (Smith 59). The enormous radio was a reality check for Irene. It was a lesson that all she can do is be the best person she can and that denial only represses guilt for a short time. Whether Irene understands this is uncertain, but the reader finally realizes that even the average American family may have problems that must be worked through, not forgotten. Works Cited Cheever, John. The Enormous Radio. The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Sylvan Barnet. New York HarperCollins, 1991. 817-824. Giordano, Nathan. Illusions, Delusions. Ode to Friendship & Other Essays. Ed. Connie Bellamy Virginia Beach, Virginia, 1996. 55-58. Smith, TaVeta. The Perfect Facade. Ode to Friendship & Other Essays. Ed. Connie Bellamy Virginia Beach, Virginia, 1996. 58-59.

Exposing Pain in The Enormous Radio Essay examples -- Enormous Radio E

Exposing Pain in The Enormous Radio In bathroom Cheevers short story, The Enormous Radio, Jim and Irene Westcott are presented as average, middle-class Americans with hopes and dreams just like everyone else. They are described as the kind of people who seem to hire that satisfactory average of income, endeavor, and respectability (Cheever 817). Jim and Irene thought they were the epitome of the perfect American family that was free from trouble and worry. The only way that they differed from their friends and neighbors was a deep passion for somber music. This passion, through the enormous radio, brought to their attention the realization that they had just as many problems as the next family. Their reaction to the radio argues the fact that they were non perfect and did not have a worry-free life. The first sign that the radio was going to cause a problem was its bodily appearance. Irene abhorred the radio She was struck at once with the physical ugliness of the large gumwoo d cabinet (Cheever 817). The radio stuck out like a sore thumb in Irenes perfectly arranged spiritedness room. The radios appearance resembled what it would eventually do, bring a new ugliness into the perfectly arranged lives of the Westcotts (Giordano 56). When the Westcotts first realize that they had possession of an eavesdropping machine, Irene becomes extremely paranoid about whether or not they are being overheard too, like they have something to hide. Irene quickly becomes obsessed with listening to others conversations, as Nathan Giordano points out it was like tuning into a soap opera on television (56). The Westcotts would stay up late at night to listen to others conversations some nights they went to bed weak wit... ...indeed have problems and that go a blind eye to her problems doesnt help solve them (Smith 59). The enormous radio was a reality check for Irene. It was a lesson that all she can do is be the best person she can and that denial only represses guilt for a short time. Whether Irene understands this is uncertain, but the reader finally realizes that even the average American family may have problems that must be worked through, not forgotten. Works Cited Cheever, John. The Enormous Radio. The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Sylvan Barnet. New York HarperCollins, 1991. 817-824. Giordano, Nathan. Illusions, Delusions. Ode to Friendship & some other Essays. Ed. Connie Bellamy Virginia Beach, Virginia, 1996. 55-58. Smith, TaVeta. The Perfect Facade. Ode to Friendship & Other Essays. Ed. Connie Bellamy Virginia Beach, Virginia, 1996. 58-59.

North vs. South Living

Have you ever wandered weather you wanted to live in the north or the sulphur? There are a lot of differences between the northern and southern states, but there are also some highly heavy similarities. People in the north are generally used to crowded places, because they sacrifice a lot of masses in a smaller area. In the south people feel that they befuddle more room to stretch and relax, but weather its on a city street or 45 acres of grassy land their usually laughing blithely with their friends. The difference in the population causes people to have different activitys they approve.Its common for people in the south to enjoy a relaxing day on the front porch with a cup of sweet tea, whereas people in the north would enjoy a busy darkness out on the town. Wherever you decide to enjoy your free time you bay window guarantee that youll find a McDonalds or another popular fast food restaurant to keep your hunger satisfied. Before they go out though, they have to remember, since the temperature is lower in the north they involve to wear heaver suits, and jackets. In the south, weather is hot enough to wear shorts, flip flops, and sun tan lotion.No matter where you are though, you can be undisputable to find a Walmart where cloths can be bought, and other items that prepare you for the weather. In the south there is a lot more room, so people can have farms. Farms are a major way for the south states to make money. In the north there are tons of buildings built feet apart from for each one other. People use these buildings to house their businesses. Big business is the one of the main ways the north makes money, but weather people are in an persona or a field preparing crops they are working hard to make money.The north is an exiting place at night, because that is when it is lit up with the dazzling lights of the many restaurants and night clubs. While the people in the north are dressed in their best and off to a good time people in the south are sleeping soundly. The south is a place where the early(a) bird suck ups the worm. People down south cant wait to get up early for church, or maybe a good game of golf with old friends. Southern people tend to take it a lot slower during the day, because they take int have to fight to get to work on time like the city people. People like different activities, but that does not compressed they arent having fun.Weather they like dancing the night away, or hitting a few golf balls down the drive they are still enjoying their day. Not nevertheless do people in the city have to fight the dense population, also there is a matter of weather. In the north it is much colder imputable to distance from the equator. People in the north are usually seen in pants and long sleeve shirts year round. Southern people only have to worry about cold weather for winter, which usually only last about 3 months. Other than winter southern people can happily wear shorts and T-shirts. During the summer s outhern people even have to put on sun screen so they dont get sun burns.Even though cloths are made for different climates they are usually made by the same people. Many name brand cloths such as, Hollister, Abercrombie, and forever 21 are sold in the north and south. There are many differences between the north and south, and some very important similarities. They have a difference of population, ways to earn money, entertainment interests, and even weather. In the south and in the north youll be sure to find people enjoying their lifes, and get name brand cloths with money they make from hard work. This will never change.

How Far Were the Mistakes of Others Responsible for Mussolini Becoming Prime Minister in October 1922

Firstly, Italys government was deteriorating and so it was evident that communist Italy was a failure. Mussolini had led the Italian population to believe that he and his fascist party were their only hope into putting an end to the chaos in capital of Italy, and re-establish order and bring about the once great Italy, just as Caesar had in the time of the great Romans. This was appealing to the Italian people, as the city or Rome seemed to have fallen into ruins, taking advantage of this, Mussolini had conveyed himself as their saviour.Fascist political theory stressed the importance of the heroic leader and strong government. This was in contrast to the weaknesses of Liberal Italy, characterised by the failure to provide strong and stable government and so Italian people found it easier to bring praise to a person rather than a concept, and Fascism seemed to embody elements of both left and right wing policies. He used powerful slogans such as Mussolini is always right, believe, obey, fight. Secondly, propaganda played a huge part in the success of Mussolini.Mussolini would re-write history by including himself in past moments or erasing someone else as it suited him. There would constantly be a movie displaying how heroic he was, Mussolini was practically everywhere, from movies to propaganda posters, wherever he was shown he always made sure he looked his best. Thirdly, it may be argued that the Catholic church helped Mussolini secure the position of prime minister, the Catholic Church was in endangerment of losing all of its land in Rome, its claim to Vatican City was disputed.Mussolini offered the church a deal, he would recognize the Churchs right to independence and their ownership of the entire Vatican City give the church reparations within limits for land taken during the unification of Italy and he would protect the churchs position as the state religion of Italy. In return, the Vatican agreed to recognize Italy as a separate nation and Mussoli ni as the leader of Italy. This was known as the Lateran Treaty.This showed the Italian people that Mussolini was working with the church this just reinforced the good pictorial matter Mussolini already had. Finally, the king was also a contributing factor for Mussolini becoming Prime minister in 1922. Firstly the king refused to stop any strikes (in which thither were many), in fear of civil war. Another mistake on the kings behalf, who refused to implement factas plan to ensure Romes safety/defend Rome from Fascist violence.

Foundation and Empire 14. The Mutant

The hangar on Kalgan is an institution peculiar unto itself, born of the need for the disposition of the vast number of displaces brought in by the visitors from abroad, and the simultaneous and consequent vast need for living accommodations for the same. The original bright one who had thought of the obvious solution had quickly be return a millionaire. His heirs by birth or finance were easily among the richest on Kalgan.The hangar spreads fatly over squargon miles of territory, and hangar does not describe it at all sufficiently. It is essentially a hotel for places. The traveler pays in advance and his ship is awarded a berth from which it can take off into space at any desired moment. The visitor and so personifys in his ship as always. The ordinary hotel services such as the replacement of food and medical supplies at special rates, simple servicing of the ship itself, special intra-Kalgan transportation for a nominal sum are to be had, of course.As a result, the visito r combines hangar space and hotel bill into one, at a saving. The owners sell temporary use of ground space at ample profits. The government collects huge taxes. Everyone has fun. nary(prenominal)ody loses. SimpleThe man who do his way big bucks the shadow-borders of the wide corridors that connected the multitudinous wings of the hangar had in the past speculated on the novelty and usefulness of the system described above, but these were reflections for idle moments understandably unsuitable at present.The ships hulked in their height and breadth downhearted the long lines of carefully aligned cells, and the man discarded line after line. He was an dexterous at what he was doing now and if his preliminary study of the hangar registry had failed to turn back precise information beyond the doubtful indication of a specific wing one containing hundreds of ships his specialized sleep withledge could winnow those hundreds into one.T here(predicate) was the ghost of a sigh in the silence, as the man stopped and faded down one of the lines a crawling insect beneath the notice of the arrogant metal monsters that rested there.Here and there the sparkling of light from a porthole would indicate the presence of an early returner from the organized pleasures to simpler or more private pleasures of his own.The man halted, and would flummox smiled if he ever smiled. Certainly the convolutions of his brain performed the mental analogous of a smile.The ship he stopped at was sleek and obviously fast. The peculiarity of its design was what he wanted. It was not a usual model and these age to the highest degree of the ships of this quadrant of the Galaxy either imitated keister design or were built by Foundation technicians. But this was special. This was a Foundation ship if wholly because of the tiny bulges in the skin that were the nodes of the protective screen that except a Foundation ship could possess. There were other indications, too.The man fe lt no hesitation.The electronic barrier strung across the line of the ships as a c at oncession to privacy on the part of the management was not at all pregnant to him. It parted easily, and without activating the alarm, at the use of the very special neutralizing force he had at his disposal.So the low gear knowledge at heart the ship of the intruder without was the casual and roughly friendly signal of the muted buzzer in the ships living room that was the result of a palm located over the bantam photocell just one side of the main air lock.And while that successful search went on, Toran and Bayta felt only the most precarious security inwardly the steel walls of the Bayta. The scuffs clown who had reported that within his narrow compass of body he held the lordly name of Magnifico Giganticus, sat hunched over the table and gobbled at the food set before him.His sad, brown look lifted from his meat only to follow Baytas movements in the combined kitchen and larder where h e ate.The thanks of a weak one are of but little value, he muttered, but you exact them, for truly, in this past workweek, little but scraps have come my way and for all my body is small, yet is my appetite unseemly great.Well, past, eat verbalize Bayta, with a smile. Dont waste your time on thanks. Isnt there a rudimentary Galaxy proverb about gratitude that I once heard?Truly there is, my lady. For a wise man, I have been told, once say, Gratitude is best and most effective when it does not evaporate itself in empty phrases. But alas, my lady, I am but a mass of empty phrases, it would seem. When my empty phrases pleased the Mule, it brought me a court dress, and a grand name for, see you, it was originally simply Bobo, one that pleases him not and then when my empty phrases pleased him not, it would bring upon my poor study beatings and whippings.Toran entered from the pilot room, Nothing to do now but wait, Bay. I hope the Mule is capable of understanding that a Founda tion ship is Foundation territory.Magnifico Giganticus, once Bobo, opened his eyes wide and exclaimed, How great is the Foundation before which even the cruel servants of the Mule tremble.Have you heard of the Foundation, too? asked Bayta, with a little smile.And who has not? Magnificos voice was a mysterious whisper. There are those who adduce it is a world of great magic, of fires that can consume planets, and secrets of mighty strength. They say that not the highest magnificence of the Galaxy could achieve the honor and deference considered only the natural due of a simple man who could say I am a citizen of the Foundation, were he only a salvage miner of space, or a nothing like myself.Bayta said, Now, Magnifico, youll never finish if you make speeches. Here, Ill get you a little flavored milk. Its good.She placed a pitcher of it upon the table and motioned Toran out of the room.Torie, what are we going to do now about him? and she motioned towards the kitchen.How do you mea n?If the Mule comes, are we going to give him up?Well, what else, Bay? He sounded harassed, and the gesture with which he shoved back the moist curl upon his forehead testified to that.He continued impatiently, Before I came here I had a sort of vague idea that all we had to do was to ask for the Mule, and then get down to business just business, you know, nothing definite.I know what you mean, Torie. I wasnt much hoping to see the Mule myself, but I did reckon we could pick up some firsthand knowledge of the mess, and then pass it over to people who know a little more about this interstellar intrigue. Im no storybook spy.Youre not behind me, Bay. He folded his arms and frowned. What a situation Youd never know there was a person like the Mule, except for this blend in queer break. Do you suppose hell come for his clown?Bayta looked up at him. I dont know that I want him to. I dont know what to say or do. Do you?The inner buzzer sounded with its intermittent burring noise. Baytas lips moved wordlessly, The MuleMagnifico was in the doorway, eyes wide, his voice a whimper, The Mule?Toran murmured, Ive got to let them in.A contact opened the air lock and the outer door closed behind the newcomer. The scanner showed only a single shadowed figure.Its only one person, said Toran, with open relief, and his voice was almost shaky as he bent toward the signal tube, Who are you?Youd better let me in and find out, hadnt you? The words came thinly out the receiver.Ill inform you that this is a Foundation ship and consequently Foundation territory by international treaty.I know that.Come with your arms free, or Ill shoot. Im well-armed.DoneToran opened the inner door and closed contact on his blast pistol, ovolo hovering over the pressure point. There was the sound of footsteps and then the door swung open, and Magnifico cried out, Its not the Mule. Its but a man.The man bowed to the clown somberly, Very accurate. Im not the Mule. He held his hands apart, Im not armed, and I come on a peaceful errand. You might relax and put the blast pistol away. Your hand isnt steady equal for my peace of mind.Who are you? asked Toran, brusquely.I might ask you that, said the stranger, coolly, since youre the one under false pretenses, not I.How so?Youre the one who claims to be a Foundation citizen when theres not an authorized Trader on the planet.Thats not so. How would you know?Because I am a Foundation citizen, and have my papers to prove it. Where are yours?I think youd better get out.I think not. If you know anything about Foundation methods, and despite your imposture you might, youd know that if I dont return alive to my ship at a specified time, therell be a signal at the nearest Foundation headquarters so I doubt if your weapons will have much effect, practi squally speaking.There was an irresolute silence and then Bayta said, calmly, Put the blaster away, Toran, and take him at bet value. He sounds like the real thing. give thanks you, said the str anger.Toran put his gun on the chair beside him, Suppose you explain all this now. The stranger remained standing. He was long of bone and large of limb. His face consisted of clayey flat planes and it was somehow evident that he never smiled. But his eyes lacked hardness.He said, News travels quickly, especially when it is apparently beyond belief. I dont suppose theres a person on Kalgan who doesnt know that the Mules men were kicked in the teeth today by two tourists from the Foundation. I knew of the important details before evening, and, as I said, there are no Foundation tourists aside from myself on the planet. We know about those things.Who are the we?We are we Myself for one I knew you were at the Hangar you had been overheard to say so. I had my ways of checking the registry, and my ways of finding the ship.He turned to Bayta suddenly, Youre from the Foundation by birth, arent you?Am I?Youre a member of the democratic opposition they call it the underground. I dont r emember your name, but I do the face. You got out only recently and wouldnt have if you were more important.Bayta shrugged, You know a lot.I do. You escaped with a man. That one?Does it matter what I say?No. I merely want a thorough mutual understanding. I believe that the password during the week you leftfield so hastily was Seldon, Hardin, and Freedom. Porfirat Hart was your section leader. Whered you get that? Bayta was suddenly fierce. Did the police get him? Toran held her back, but she shook herself loose and advanced.The man from the Foundation said quietly, Nobody has him. Its just that the underground spreads widely and in queer places. Im Captain Han Pritcher of Information, and Im a section leader myself never mind under what name.He waited, then said, No, you dont have to believe me. In our business it is better to overdo suspicion than the opposite. But Id better get past the preliminaries.Yes, said Toran, suppose you do.May I sit down? Thanks. Captain Pritcher swung a long leg across his knee and let an arm swing loose over the back of the chair. Ill jut out by saying that I dont know what all this is about from your angle. You two arent from the Foundation, but its not a hard guess that youre from one of the single-handed Trading worlds. That doesnt bother me overmuch. But out of curiosity, what do you want with that fellow, that clown you snatched to safety? Youre risking your life to hold on to him.I cant tell you that.Hm-m-m. Well, I didnt think you would. But if youre waiting for the Mule himself to come behind a fanfarade of horns, drums, and electric organs relax The Mule doesnt work that way.What? It came from both Toran and Bayta, and in the comer where Magnifico lurked with ears almost visibly expanded, there was a sudden joyful start.Thats right. Ive been trying to contact him myself, and doing a rather more thorough job of it than you two amateurs can. It wont work. The man makes no personal appearance, does not allow himself t o be photographed or simulated, and is seen only by his most intimate associates.Is that supposed to explain your interest in us, captain? questioned Toran.No. That clown is the key. That clown is one of the very few that have seen him. I want him. He may be the proof I need and I need something, Galaxy knows to awaken the Foundation.It needs awakening? broke in Bayta with sudden sharpness. Against what? And in what role do you act as alarm, that of rebel democrat or of secret police and provocateur?The captains face set in its hard lines. When the entire Foundation is threatened, Madame Revolutionary, both democrats and tyrants perish. Let us save the tyrants from a greater, that we may overthrow them in their turn.Whos the greater tyrant you speak of? flared Bayta.The Mule I know a bit about him, enough to have been my termination several times over already, if I had moved less nimbly. Send the clown out of the room. This will require privacy.Magnifico, said Bayta, with a gestu re, and the clown left without a sound.The captains voice was grave and intense, and low enough so that Toran and Bayta drew close.He said, The Mule is a crisp operator far too shrewd not to realize the advantage of the magnetism and glamour of personal leadership. If he gives that up, its for a reason. That reason must be the fact that personal contact would develop something that is of overwhelming importance not to reveal.He waved aside questions, and continued more quickly, I went back to his birthplace for this, and questioned people who for their knowledge will not live long. Few enough are still alive. They remember the baby born thirty years before the death of his mother his strange youth. The Mule is not a human beingAnd his two listeners drew back in horror at the misty implications. Neither understood, fully or clearly, but the imperil of the phrase was definite.The captain continued, He is a mutant, and obviously from his subsequent career, a highly successful one . I dont know his powers or the exact extent to which he is what our thrillers would call a superman, but the rise from nothing to the conqueror of Kalgans warlord in two years is revealing. You see, dont you, the danger? Can a genetic accident of episodic biological properties be taken into account in the Seldon plan?Slowly, Bayta spoke, I dont believe it. This is some sort of complicated trickery. Why didnt the Mules men kill us when they could have, if hes a superman?I told you that I dont know the extent of his mutation. He may not be ready, yet, for the Foundation, and it would be a sign of the greatest science to resist provocation until ready. Now let me speak to the clown.The captain faced the trembling Magnifico, who obviously distrusted this huge, hard man who faced him.The captain began slowly, Have you seen the Mule with your own eyes?I have but too well, respected sir. And felt the weight of his arm with my own body as well.I have no doubt of that. Can you describe hi m?It is frightening to recall him, respected sir. He is a man of mighty frame. Against him, even you would be but a spindling. His hair is of a burning crimson, and with all my strength and weight I could not pull down his arm, once extended not a hairs thickness. Magnificos slenderness seemed to collapse upon itself in a huddle of arms and legs. Often, to amuse his generals or to amuse only himself, he would suspend me by one finger in my belt from a fearful height, while I chattered poetry. It was only after the twentieth verse that I was withdrawn, and each improvised and each a ideal rhyme, or else start over. He is a man of overpowering might, respected sir, and cruel in the use of his power and his eyes, respected sir, no one sees.What? Whats that last?He wears spectacles, respected sir, of a curious nature. It is said that they are opaque and that he sees by a powerful magic that far transcends human powers. I have heard, and his voice was small and mysterious, that to se e his eyes is to see death that he kills with his eyes, respected sir.Magnificos eyes wheeled quickly from one watching face to another. He quavered, It is true. As I live, it is true. Bayta drew a long breath, Sounds like youre right, captain. Do you want to take over?Well, lets look at the situation. You dont owe anything here? The hangars barrier above is free?I can leave any time.Then leave. The Mule may not wish to antagonize the Foundation, but he runs a frightful risk in letting Magnifico get away. It probably accounts for the hue and cry after the poor devil in the first place. So there may be ships waiting for you upstairs. If youre lost in space, whos to pin the crime?Youre right, agreed Toran, bleakly.However, youve got a shield and youre probably speedier than anything theyve got, so as in short as youre clear of the atmosphere make the circle in neutral to the other hemisphere, then just cut a track outwards at top acceleration.Yes, said Bayta coldly, and when we are ba ck on the Foundation, what then, captain?Why, you are then co-operative citizens of Kalgan, are you not? I know nothing to the contrary, do I?Nothing was said. Toran turned to the controls. There was an imperceptible lurch.It was when Toran had left Kalgan sufficiently far in the rear to attempt his first interstellar jump, that Captain Pritchers face first creased slightly for no ship of the Mule had in any way attempted to bar their leaving.Looks like hes letting us carry off Magnifico, said Toran. Not so good for your story.Unless, corrected the captain, he wants us to carry him off, in which case its not so good for the Foundation.It was after the last jump, when within neutral-flight distance of the Foundation, that the first hyperwave news broadcast reached the ship.And there was one news item barely mentioned. It seemed that a warlord unidentified by the bored speaker had made representations to the Foundation concerning the forceful abduction of a member of his court. The announcer went on to the sports news.Captain Pritcher said icily, Hes one step ahead of us after all. Thoughtfully, he added, Hes ready for the Foundation, and he uses this as an excuse for action. It makes things more difficult for us. We will have to act before we are really ready.

Balanced Scorecard

As mentioned in the introduction above, different business types bring a signifi set upt different sermon of strategic business control and evaluation. Consider for lawsuit, a firm that produce sheets of paper. The production processes are well defined and relatively stable, functional skills are change to gain operating efficiencies. There are relatively no strict challenge from the same competitor, because the market share are divided equally, as farsighted as they keep the productions quality and maintain the cheapest cost of production.Regardless of whether the environment is stable or dynamic, an presidential term needs to exercise control over its trading operations so that its objectives are achieved as preliminary business planning. Firm that operate in a stable environment with standardized products and processes and low competitive pressures will put on the less complex functional business strategic. While the more complex firm with the dynamic competitor pressure should be consider to employ the more complex strategic control system (Shaw, 2004).Concerning the development of strategic control over a corporation, this paper will discuss about the fit add-in (BSC) for a company named Puppy Luv doggy Day Care. Furthermore, it as well as develops at least three strategic objectives for each of the quartette equilibrize bill of fare areas (Financial, guest, unconscious process, and acquisition & Growth). 2. Balanced Score Card of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care 2. 1. Balanced Score Card The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is one of the about influential business ideas in the 20th century.It was noted that over one-half of the fortune 1,000 uses the BSC system (Niven, 2006). Some people consider it as a configuration of project management, a form of evaluatement or controlled improvement system. Despite the awesome popularity of the concept, we witnessed the practice of the BSC concept surprisingly concentrates on the private sectors. Robert Kaplan and David Norton prototypic introduced the Balanced Scorecard in the early 1990s as a strategic management system that forces managers to focus on the important doing metrics that track down to success.There are four spots of BSC as following 1. Financial perspective This is the standard perspective that everyone uses even before the BSC. Even a non-profit organization uses this perspective in order to poise their books. It measures pecuniary accomplishances through financial ratios and other financial indicators. In the case of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the financial perspective includes strategic objectives in following areas ? Market share ? Revenues and costs ? Profitability? Competitive position 2. node Perspective It is a measure of corporate time value viewed from the value it delivers to customers. For instance, time taken to process a phone call, result of customers surveys, number of complaints, competitive rankings, etc. In the case of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the Customer Value Perspective includes strategic objectives in following areas ? Customer retention or turnover ? Customer satisfaction ? Customer value 3. Business Process PerspectiveIt measures corporate value from the enhancement of its business processes, like time spent prospecting, quality cost, product rework required, etc. In the case of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, Process or Internal Operations Perspective includes strategic objectives in following areas ? Measure of process transaction ? Productivity or productivity improvement ? Operations metrics 4. Learning and Growth Perspective This perspective measures corporate value from its learning abilities or the progress of its learning processes.Example of activities measures are stave training, employee suggestion and improvement of certain processes as an outcome of the learning process (Balanced Scorecard, 2006). In the case of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the Learning and Growth (Employee) Perspective includes strategic ob jectives in following areas ? Employee satisfaction ? Employee turnover or retention ? Level of organization capability ? Nature of organization floriculture or climate ? Technological innovation These perspectives are past adaptable to various businesses by choosing different drivers for each perspective.The BSC can in any case detect and measure correlation between activities, in order to help decide which activities positively impacted others. For instance an online customer service can help reducing anticipate calls and time to handle complaints, thus increasing effectiveness of business processes. According to Kaplan and Norton, there are various utilities of the Balance Scorecard. Some of them are to clarify and update strategy, communicate strategy, align unit goals with corporate strategy, link strategic objectives to long term target, etc (Balanced Scorecard, 2006).Balanced ScorecardThe balance scorecard is a management tool that is used by the management of companies t o enable them in planning on how to align the business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization so as to improve the internal and external processes of the company. Communication is used to monitor the organization performance against the strategic goals that have been set by the management of the organization.The balance scorecard was first developed by Dr Robert Kaplan and David Norton who discovered that the tool would be used to measure the performance of the employees of the company so that they would improve on their performance it was used by the management of companies so as to clarify the vision and the strategies and then to translate them into action. According to some economist they noted that an organization was viewed into four perspectives as per the balanced scorecard. The Learning and growth perspectiveThis perspective that deals with how the employees can be trained in order for them to gain the knowledge and skills that can enable them persuade o ut their activities effectively. It also deals with the corporate cultural attitudes that relate to both the individual and corporate self-improvement so that the attitude for each the individuals and the corporations would change so that they would perform their activities tally to the needs of the organization and not for their own interests.There had been change magnitude technological changes that have resulted to the management of the organization to train their employees so that they can adapt to those technological, frugal and social-economic changes. The business process perspective The perspective deals with the internal business processes.The metric allows the managers of an organization to learn how well their businesses are run and whether the products and services of the company can conform to the customer tastes and preferences There are two grades of processes that are used when determining the goals of a company these are mission oriented processes and the suppor t processes. The mission-oriented processes are used in measurement of the employees performances so as to ward them according to their skills and responsibilities.The processes are usually used in the government offices. The customer perspective The recent research showed that customers contributed to the success of the company and therefore it is important to satisfy their needs because incase they do not get satisfied with the services of their suppliers or traders they can look for alternative suppliers who could meet their needs and this can pose to be a big challenge to the marketing department as the al-Quran of sales of the company can be affected negatively.The management should learn how to satisfy their customers needs by identifying the different types of customers and their different tastes and preferences so that the honest kind of products and services are produced for them so as to maintain the customers and also to increase the earnings of the company by providing the right of goods and services that are acceptable to the customers. The financial perspective It is important for the management of organization to provide timely and accurate records of data so that they can give the true financial position of a company.The practiceation of corporate databases it can enhance proper centralization and automation of information that can enhance proper recording of the transactions into the financial statements so that proper analysis of the company can be made. The Tri-cities community Bank was a company that was located in the Midwest United States it had ten branches that were group into divisions that is the southern particle (SD) and Northern air division (ND). The divisions consisted of five branches that were headed by a Branch President and a Branch Chief Loan Officer.The other staffs that managed the operations of the company were the customer service representatives, loan representatives, mortgage loan originators, head tellers and th e administrative assistants. Mrs. Chris Billing was the Southern Division (SD) president from a Marketing handler because she could improve the performance of the company since she had acquired the necessary skills from college about how to improve the performance of the company.In the year 2000 she implemented the balanced scorecard into the organization although there were protests from the Northern Division (ND) presidents who saw the implementation of the strategy as impossibility since they had not had about the strategy before and was not ready for change. Branch A According to the Customer Service Representative of Tri Cites Community Bank Mrs.Mary Richards, she stated that the implementation of the balanced scorecards would create greater loan volume for the loan balances, deposits and the certificates of deposit and this would lead to set down profit margin, but it would be beneficial to the companys growth. According to Mike Moore she stated the measures of the balanced scorecard were realistic, but the implementation of the measures was difficult because it was the first time for the employees to use them thus getting to learn the measures would mean creation of more time to train all the staff about the implementation of the performance measures.According to Paul Franks he stated that since the employees carried out their activities while using the measures then they would earn more cash bonuses, which improve the companys performance and also the living standards of the employees of the company if they used the measures since proved good returns to the company once they utilized them appropriately. Branch B Mrs.Pamela Wise the loan representative of branch B said that the measures would be used to measure the progress of the company while in the process of trying to achieve its goals and objectives as this would lead to meeting the needs of the community and also to increase the positiveness of the company. The measures would be used in determi ning the right kinds of promotions and pay rises for the employees, they would also be used to assign the employees according to their skills and knowledge so as to ensure the duties and responsibilities of the company were carried out effectively.Branch C Mr. Bill Sovensen stated that the balanced scorecard measures would lift teamwork among the tellers, loan officer and the customer service representatives such that they would enable them to discuss the goals of the organization and also be in a position to understand the activities of the bank so as to promote effective implementation of the companys goals and objectives. The scorecard measures would enable the management of the company to achieve goals such as selling, cross-selling, and the goal of making customers to feel halcyon with the services of the bank.The Administrative Assistant Mr. Luo Martin said the balanced scorecard measures would lead to the successful implementation of the goals and objectives of a company. T he success of the company would led to the management to organization of recreational places that would be used to appreciate the efforts of the employees so as to motivate them to work harder in their duties and responsibilities and also to avoid employee turnover as it could affect the repute and performance of the company. Branch B According to Mr.Gray Smith he stated that the balanced scorecards were important but it was important for the management of the company to choose measures that were applicable to the managements growth. Mr. Al Taylor stated that the measures would lead to achievement of the companys goals. Branch E The balanced scorecard would be used to match the performance of the company with other companies so that the company could keep track of the companys performance so that the right measures could be put in place in order to enable the company to compete effectively with its competitorIt was noted that in order for the organization to improve in its perform ance it had to the implement the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard into its organization these were financial measures, customer measure, internal business measures and the retention measures and the learning and the growth perspective. The management of the company Northern Division should have implemented the balanced scorecard into the company in order for it to achieve its goals and objectives.The benefits of the perspectives were that if one perspective was good then other would also improve, for example if the internal perspective improved then the internal processes would also improve. If the customers were satisfied with the services that they needed then they would continue to purchase the companys products and also use their services and this would boost the performance of the company .The sales volume of the company would improve if the companys financial status improved then the management of the company would be in a position to achieve its strategies successf ully, if the companys strategy would be good then this would be translated to increased returns for the company and the application of the financial measures would be done in an effective and efficient manner.It was reported that if the employees were trained about sales effectiveness, customer service, product profitability and local bank knowledge, they would be in a better position to serve their customers since the knowledge and skills acquired would enable them to gain relevant experience of how to improve the performance of the company. The management of the bank also noted that the training programs given to the employees such as the in house tests on various training topics, higher-quality referrals and cross-self proposals they would equip the employees with right techniques to handle the companys activities.The implementation of the programs would lead to higher customer satisfaction and it would also lead to the management of the company to learn more techniques of retain ing their customers so as to achieve high sales volume of the companys products and services. References Burgelman R A. and. Grove. A. S. (1996) Strategic Dissonance . California. California forethought Review, Vol. 38, No. 2. pp. 8-28. Kaplan, R. S. and Norton. D. P. (1996) Using the Balanced Scorecard as a StrategicManagement System. Harvard Business Review 74, no. 1 75+. (May be accessed at http//www. hbsp. harvard. edu/frames/groups/hbr/janfeb96/96107. html). Liedtka J. M. and Rosenblum J. W. (1996) Shaping Conversations Making Strategy, Making Change. California. California Management Review, Vol. 39, No. 1. , pp. 141-157. Marsh, P. and et all. (1988). Managing Strategic Investment Decisions in Large Diversified Companies London. London Business School.

Sabmiller Sources of Finance

SABMiller should combine those 4 sources of finance retained internet, issuing shares, bond, debenture and bank loans. each source of finance has its own advantages and disadvantages Retained profit When SABMiller use retained profit, it do not have to birth any brokerage fees. Retained profit is also flexible and simple. The manager potentiometer use this source of finance for different purposes. Because retained profit belong to the whole club, not any psyche so there is no dilution of control. Furthermore, all profit from enclothement belong to shareholders.However, using retained pro fit could decrease the possibility to pay and nonrecreational high dividends to shareholders. Bank loans As a new company enters Vietnamese market, SABMiller needs a large sum of capital to bulid its offices, equipments, raw material and invest in potential projects to earn more profit for its first stage of development. Therefore, borrow specie from banks is a very suitable source of finan ce because they can provide a large amount of money. and asking for a loan from banks is so risky. When the company borrow money from banks, it must(prenominal) pay ample interest on time and the interest rate may be very high.Before lending the firm money, banks would look at SABMillers characters, ability to pay back, purpose of the loan, the amount of the loan, the repayment terms of the loan and secutity. If the business did not pay back the interest on time, it is nearly impossible for it to borrow money again. Issuing shares It could be a long term source of finance when SABMiller is listed in stock market. If the firm has nice reputation and work well, it will spark off more shareholders to buy the shares, so SABMiller could raise a large sum of capital.Moreover, when the company issues share, it is more difficult for SABMiller to lose ownership and have takeover risk. But as well as its advantages, issuing shares also has many limitations. If there is a reduction on in a shareholders office of controlling a company, the dilution of control will appear. The cost involved may be high, such as floatation cost, brokerage fees, underwritten fees, administrative fees, legal. Furthermore, issuing shares is so adventurous and risky because if the performance of the company go down, the price of shares will decrease, even it might be very low.The business can have backrupt disorder when the price of share go down too much. When SABMiller cannot repay the debt to creditors, it will lead to backruptcy. Issuing bonds and debentures These sources of finance could be used in long term. The company could have a less expensive loan from its creditor. However, debenture stock have to compete with gilts to draft investors. And because debenture stock has higher risk, company debentures must generally offer a higher rate of interest than the interest rate of gilts. Unless the business pay their debt on time, it will lose its assets and money.

AIS Implementation Case Study

Steve Cowan is the owner of a distribution company of salon hair products. The company, Professional Salon Concepts, (PSC) was growing and decided to upgrade their AIS to support the demands of the company. Steve engage Mike, his brother-in-law to assist him and the two of them began to research the different products available believing they could best(p) determine the needs of the company than a consultant could. After a pitiable time they bought first unity and then changing their minds and bought a second scheme. After a short training period the vernal system was inst tout ensembleed with somewhat very problematic first few days. Eventu solelyy the system was up and running but never fully doing what they had originally wanted from the unused system. Romney & Steinbart (2009).Implementing bare-ass AIS is something that businesses everywhere exhaust to consider at some point and time. The case of PSC and how they went about choosing and implementing their AIS is what we will be looking at. There are six main points of consideration I will be covering in this study. The first is a look at how good of a job PSC did in selecting, place and implementing their new system. We will look at what they did wrong and what they could stand shame differently. We will try to determine how PSC could throw off avoided the missing features, the conversion and reporting problems they had. adjacent we will review Steves analysis of his numbers and determine if his conclusions were correct. Looking at his new shipping system we want to see if there is a way that PSCs customers can defraud the company. Finally, we will take a look at the level of service PSC received from the company where they purchased their new AIS and how it could have been advanced. Steves AssessmentSelecting the New AIS PSC spent months researching software and att closing curtaining demonstrations. While doing research on their own is not a bad thing they nonetheless dismissed the possi ble use of consultants. Again not always a bad thing but when they did their research, it is not clear if they had a confirmed confine of requirements of their needs in the new AIS. As a result PSC never compared companies through a request for proposals, (RFP) if they had they could have displace their requirements to the vendors. The vendors would then have sent back their proposals to PSC. After eliminating vendors that do not meet the minimum requirements, PSC could then do a comparison of the remaining vendors before making a net decision. Romney & Steinbart (2009). The key is the set requirements and minimum standards they were willing to settle for.In the end they had decided on one system, paid for it and had started installing it when they changed their minds and went with a different company. The company, DSM was chosen almost on a whim. DSM could not demonst target all of the features PSC had wanted and took a reassurance that they would get those features without doc umentation. PSC also did not do an extensive background get out into DSM before they purchased the new AIS. InstallationInstallation and implementing of the new AIS was anything but smooth. In retrospect even Steve knew they did not take the time needed to properly seek or to train employees on how to use the new system. Three months was not sufficient time to try and work out the possible problems they would have with the new AIS. While Steve felt that training was very important he greatly underestimated the amount of time that was needed for proper training of employees on the new systems.The operators should have been involved from the beginning to determine what was needed and how it was being implemented into the new AIS. Each of these operators should also have been include in the design of the interface they would be using. If their input was not a possible part of the design they should have at the very least been included in the original installation and test part of th e new systems to determine what the possible problem failures would be and to better learn the new systems. Missing FeaturesHow could PSC have avoided the problem of the missing features? If PSC had gotten RFPs the problem of missing features in the system they chose would have been eliminated during the vendor selection process. However, in the route they did take those features that were important to Steve but were not included in the AIS could have been included by having a systems requirements list and a written contract with the specifications explicitly written out. Conversion and ReportingHow could PSC have avoided some of the conversion and reporting problems it go about? As I stated before, more time was needed in the testing and training portion of the conversion before the new AIS went online.One play a joke on I learned from our own system change at the city I work in is to train a few operators on the new systems during the testing phase and then have them train a few more in their own departments. By using your own employees to train distributively other they are gaining a better understanding of how the system works. This way on the day of the change you have more people who understand the system and how to fix or correct the things that can go wrong. The more people you can have trained this way before the system change the better off you will be at the critical moment. Steves AnalysisSteves analysis of the numbers is incomplete in my opinion. Steve looked only at the sign follow of the package but he did not look at recurring costs of up keep of the hardware and software, systems maintenance, conversion cost, training expense, cost of running the testing phase as well as several other things. The conversion alone cost him a 15% drop in sales and none of these expenses were calculated into the cost of the new AIS. Steve and Mike should have consulted an accountant to help with the crunching of numbers before they had purchased the AIS from DSM. One other mistake they make in this purchase was not to have the extra features written into a contract as a part of the cost. Shipping and FraudIs there a way PSC could be defrauded by the new multi-box shipments? After looking online for ways the only thing I could come up with was for the customers to claim that not all of the boxes were received. Because they only require one packing slip for multiple boxes, one of the boxes could just not make it to the stores or items could go missing from the shipments. I dont think it would be hard to say that one of four or five boxes was missing an item. Without a packing slip in to each one box it would be easy for something to be overlooked when they are being packed. Im not sure if there is another way the multi-box one packing slip approach could be defrauded. Level of ServiceOn a level of one to five, one being the best, I would probably rate DSMs level of service about three. DSM was not the worst company I have read about but they could have stepped up their service. One of the things they could improve on is their training. Training was something of a disaster judging from the first day. More of the employees should have been trained and trained much better than they were. Another area of overture would be in the testing phase of the installation before the new system went online.The sales person made assurances that it was apparent after the fact that they had no right to made or no intention of keeping. The extra features that PSC was told would be included in their package were only going to be added for an extra give that PSC would have to shoulder the majority of. One feature was added at an additional cost of ten thousand but the second feature was never added. ConclusionsIn the end Steve was satisfied with the new AIS. While the new AIS did decrease the turnaround time to only twenty minutes from five hours it never did do all the things they had wanted. PSC is negotiating with DSM to write th e programs that will complete the processes he wants the AIS system to do, for an additional cost.Upgrading from the system they had was necessary but, I cant help wondering if they wouldnt have been better off sticking with the original $20,000 purchase and having a company write the programs they were missing. The price PSC paid for the AIS from DSM was rather steep in comparison. In the end Steve said he was satisfied but I have to wonder if he really was or if he was just trying to feel ok with what had happened and what he paid.

Multiple Intelligence Theory Essay

Many students choose to attend APUS because the University fosters differing educational bolts and empowers the students through education. The Student handbook states, The University System fosters an environment that promotes a life of schooling for its constituents and uses feedback from its participants and supporters to improve the quality of its commandment, contemplateing, and support The University System anticipates and adapts to its changing environment and responds to the needs of the organization and its constituencies in tact both appropriate and timely. In the beginning of College 100, students ar introduced to the distinct schooling styles and the theory of quadruplicate countersigns. By becoming familiar with other students instruction styles and exploring the five-fold intelligences students became more tolerant towards others and were able to strengthen their acquire power. Being familiar with multiple intelligence theory, knowing the different learnin g styles, utilizing appropriate classroom methods, and exploring the interdisciplinary classroom forget empower students towards a lifetime of learning.Recognizing the multiple intelligence theory is the first step in capturing the different learning styles. Howard Gardners multiple intelligence theory (Gardner, 1993) proposes the idea that we all have various levels of intelligence across a range of intellectual areas (Pritchard, 2008). The idea that populate learn in different ways, and perceive and learn by different methods is what makes up the theory of multiple intelligences. There are at least nine different intelligences in which people display in varying ways (Pritchard, 2008). The styles are as follows linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, spatial/visual, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential (Pritchard, 2008). Students particular academic strengths have a direct impact on how effective their learning will be for their overall edu cation. When applying multiple intelligences to the classroom, it is very(prenominal) important to cater to all the types of learning styles.When discussing learning styles in the forums of College 100, every student had a different way of learning that especially worked for them. If every single assignment or activity in a classroom is slanted towards visual learning, then the students who are auditory or kinesthetic learners will be at a serious disadvantage. These students will non be able to express themselves or be able to conform to the teaching style if their learning needs are not met. In prep for multiple intelligences, teachers consider the range of activities related to the content of the lesson and the intended learning outcomes will give a range of opportunities to the childrens different intelligence strengths (Pritchard, 2008). It is very important for a teacher to introduce a range of activities and presentations in order to make the most out of multiple intellige nces.A learning style is reflected by a students preferred method of learning, which is a direct result of their type of intelligence. It is irresponsible for a teacher to assume that all of their students will learn in the same manner. The four main styles of learning are visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and extrovert. Every style has strengths and weaknesses. It is crucial in the educational environment to exploit the students strengths and protect the weaknesses. A students self-worth and esteem can be very much tied up with their learning capability. Teachers must exhibit a range of teaching styles, so that their students learning styles will be compatible. Diverse personalities impact relationships, motivation, and ease of learning in classroom and work environments.Where there are diverse personalities within gatherings, people generally prefer and choose to be with others who are similar to themselves individuals may even dislike those who have different attitudes and behavior s from their stimulate (Richardson & Arker, 2010). What Richardson and Arker are implying is that people of different personalities and learning styles tend to stick in the same groups. It would be to the benefit of every whiz if individuals of different personalities and persuasions were put together in one group, that way the group will be more powerful and will benefit greatly from the input of everybody. A truly good teacher will ensure that they have designed their curriculum in such a way so that students learning needs are met. Classroom arrangements can be made so that individuals of similar temperaments are brought together in what is called compatibility scheduling. This arrangement will enhance the overall productivity of students as well as teachers (Richardson & Arker, 2010).As multiple intelligence theory has developed, advances in classroom methods have also been made. There are at least three different methods that combine multiple intelligence theory with learning styles in order to better the classroom environment. Brain-based education supports the need to differentiate instruction (Richardson & Arker, 2010). Some studies in judgement look into have shown that there is such a thing as a left-brain and a right-brain. People can be left or right brain dominate, which largely determines the individuals learning style. Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2004).This type of classroom learning will serve to help the constitutional group. The students and teachers will be able to pick out the roles that suit them best, thus serving the group to the best of their ability. Another method that is similar to collaborative learning is cooperative learning. In cooperative learning, Students work together in small groups on a structured activity. They are individually accountable for their work , and the work of the group as a whole is also assessed. Cooperative groups work face-to-face and learn to work as a team (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2004). Cooperative learning is becoming a very popular method. It uses individuals best qualities for the betterment of the group. By using these methods in the classroom learning becomes an active process and engages all types of learning styles.The Western world has divided education into blocks, and then further divided the blocks into disciplines. While convenient on paper, it is clear that education and disciplines overlap, the world is a mentally ill place. Interdisciplinary education is an approach that blends different disciplines and utilizes multiple intelligence theory and varying learning styles. The exponential growth of knowledge in the twentieth cytosine revealed how disciplinary cultures and perspectives could discourage inquiries and explanations that spanned disciplinary boundaries. Disciplines, it now see ms clear, are powerful but constraining ways of knowing (Lattuca, 2001). By breaking down the walls of the disciplines, students are sceptered to use their differing learning styles. This will result in students having positive experiences with education. Students will then set about out a lifetime of learning, and encourage other to seek knowledge.Recognizing the theory of multiple intelligences and defining each students learning style will lead to success in education. By utilizing methods such as brain-based learning, cooperative learning, and collaborative learning teachers can empower students by giving them the educational method that works best for each individual. Combining all of these aspects yields the concept of interdisciplinary learning, leading to a lifetime of successful education, teaching, and learning.ReferencesConcept to Classroom Course Menu. (2004). THIRTEEN New York Public Media. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from http//www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class /index.html Lattuca, L. R. (2001). Creating interdisciplinarity Interdisciplinary research and teaching among college and university faculty. Nashville Vanderbilt University Press. Pritchard, A. (2008). Ways of Learning electronic resource Learning Theories and Learning Styles in the Classroom. Hoboken, NJ David Fulton Publishers. Richardson, R., & Arker, E. (2010). Personalities in the Classroom Making the Most of Them. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 46(2), 76-81.

Houston Police Internship Essay

1. While at my hpd internship I was asked to do multiple task such(prenominal)(prenominal) as deliver ring armor, send out packages, organize and file documents match to date and magazine, subscribe background check, record development, conduct surveillance handling evidence, functioning organize versatile events, file case files, fax subpoenas, and seizures My internship Daily duties nearlyly consisted of helping the agents and working in the mail room. I lettered how to handle different responsibilities such as delivering mail and sending out packages. In the mail room I as well learned how to file open cases and how they disposes of closed case files from previous long time that atomic number 18 no longer needed. Also I helped reorganized the current files to make space for coming(prenominal) future case files. Sometimes my duties were to conduct background checks.I was given the task to locate the most recent knowledge on subjects to whom which agents are doing researc h on. There was certain type of information that the agents precious me to record so that it would help them further there investigation. At times I would help agents spew subpoenas together for certain cases. They would then enter the subpoenas into the computer so that they could be on file. formerly the information was entered into the computer I then proceeded to fax each separate subpoena to its destination. Faxing the subpoena is just the resembling as if the incumbent was serving it personally. Once faxed and confirmed the subpoena then becomes official. Once I was do faxing the subpoenas I then had to confirm the date and time and record it so that it can become on file for future reference.2. While at my intern I was asked to do multiple task such as deliver mail, organize and file documents according to date and time, conduct background checks and record information, conduct surveillance and note any suspicious activity. These are task I did on a eeryday bases.3. Al l tasks I was asked to do I completed because my intern was from 900am-530pm which gave me plenty of time to civilisation task and begin crude unmatchables. Each day I arrived to work I would wait for which ever group I would be working in that particular day to assign me a task. usually it would be something simple that wouldnt take much time. I would be done with most tasks by lunch time.4. I feel I left my intern with an extremely good reputation. I greet that it will help me when I begin to apply for multiple agencies. Everybody within hpd was very appreciative of the help I provide and noted that if I needed any referrals in the future to contact them.5. The one network source I developed at hpd whom was from my hometown. Prior to hpd he was a police officer (Birmingham, AL) and referred me to sight whom he thought could help me get started on becoming a police officer. He said it was a great start for him and if I really wanted to start there he would use all his connect ions to get me a job so that I could begin gaining experience.6. I learned a lot of things from having my Internship. I learned that its a great career to have save in order to be successful you have to put in a lot of time and dedication. I had the opportunity to sit down and talk to the hpd Recruiter. He provided me with a lot of great information on how to successfully become a police officer. He informed me on all the practical options I could take in order to reach my goal and gain experience. He mentioned such things such as joining the military, applying at a local police dept., and/or joining border patrol. He even mentioned that I should consider going back to school to obtain my Masters grade which would put my ahead of all the other hpd applicants. With the information he provided me I learned that there are many opportunities within the hpd. I feel with my hard work and determination I could reach my goal.7. honestly everything I did was educational. Nothing more coul d have been time to make my time there more educational. I was taught new things on a daily bases and learned things I feel cant be taught at any college or university. I learned so many thing that most people would not been able to. I worked in an environment that so few are allowed to work in. I had the chance to to attend a meeting that was attended by officials from different agencies and organizations. This meeting was to introduce new procedures such as drug testing and prevention at work and school. Also being introduced at the meeting to the officials were various new drugs that were starting to become popular among kids and adults such as synthetic ganja and bath salts. I also had the opportunity to attend the Tactical Training Exercise. This training exercise was also very educational. It was held at the Houston Police Dept. Training Headquarters.These are training exercises that that they go through on a monthly basis. They are showed different techniques on how to enter and clear rooms. Theses training exercises are done to appreciation the agents current with all the different types of situations they may encounter when entering a home during an operation. Today I had the opportunity to be able to view an operation conducted by local agencies. Once the location was effective and secure agents then were able to conduct their investigation. While the investigation was taking place be federal official agents, local law enforcement conducted background checks on all individuals whom were inside the location doing the time of the search warrant. Once the agents finished their investigations and interviews they then loaded all evidence so that it could be processed. All the individuals inside were each release or arrested based on their background check.9. My intern was a great experience and I cannot recall a day to where I did not want to be there. I was fortunate profuse to obtain this internship and hope that I will benefit from in after I grad uate. I wish well in the near future that more students will have the same opportunity Ive had so that they can also learn and educate themselves on the potentials of what having a career with the Houston Police Dept.

Love for Cooking Essay

Goal In this make-up I tried and true to open to different ideas to cooking opposed to giving directions about how to cook. I tried to provide each reason with two examples to give readers a better understanding about what feed can really be about. Evaluation I feel like I did unassailable on the overview on covering all the basics on cooking to where its understandable and relateable opposed to piece of writing is as a convention or directions list that most people would think cooking is about. preparation a satisfying dish has three opinions. The first aspect that is usually the most important is eat with the eyes.An example is how the dish is plated, how it smells, and how appealing and appetizing it looks to the eye. another(prenominal) example that compares to the first example is that if food is plated mirky or looks and smells unappetizing, it generally doesnt catch peoples attention. A second aspect that relates to the first aspect is victimisation fresh ingredients . Using fresh ingredients means a healthier meal, and also getting natural vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and ect. Another example is using fresh food opposed to processed food, because everyone wants to knows what theyre eating.One last aspect is making the dish taste fantastic. A dish that tastes good has people eating more of it, point though it might not be good for them to over-stuff. Another reason is people asking for the recipe or asking the chef to prepare their meals boost confidence in the chef knowing she made a good meal for everyone. One thing that will always remain is that feeling of providing something delicious for the community that has them cominging abide and a sense of happiness and successfullnes in a chef.

Leadership Theory

BA365 attractershiphiphip scheme middle Term Paper For this paper I decide to look at four of the attractorship theories. The angiotensin-converting enzymes I chose be feature, misfortune, Situational, and Behavioral. I will trounce about the definitions of those four theories. similarly I will dissertate the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of distributively. lead Theories There is a wide and ever growing variety of theories to explain the fantasy and practice of loss lead to me lead is a dynamic and complex process.Per our text adjudge leaders is an work relationship among leaders and chase who peg down real changes and outcomes that reflect their sh atomic number 18d purposes. (Daft, 2011) The theories that I will conversation about simplify leadership into antithetic theories. The first I will talk about is the character surmisal. trace possible action assumes that people get certain qualities and marks that make them better suitable to leadership. (Cherry, 2012) Also mark theories ofttimes identify particular nature or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. Cherry, 2012) Per our text book attributes are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self confidence, and appearance. (Daft, 2011) Contingency Theories of leadership focalization on particular vari satis factor inys colligate to the environment that great power determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Success with this surmisal depends upon a function of variables and qualities of the pursuit and aspects of the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Situational Theories propose that leaders choose the best soma of action based upon situational variables. Cherry, 2012) Per our book the Hersey and Blanchards extension of the leadership grid focusing on the characteristics of pursuit as the important gene of the situation, and consequently, of find effective leader behavior. (Daft, 2011) Behavioral theories leadership is based upon the touch that great leaders are made, non born. This leadership hypothesis focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. jibe to this theory, people support unwrap to break leaders through and through with(predicate) teaching and observation. Cherry, 2012) Trait system The trait model of leadership is based on the characteristics of many leaders both successful and unsuccessful and is utilise to predict leadership effectiveness. (Daft, 2011) The resulting lists of traits are then compared to those of potential leaders to assess their likelihood of success or failure. Scholars taking the trait approach attempted to identify physiological, demographic, personality, intellective, task-related, and social characteristics with leader emergence and leader effectiveness. Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Among the core traits identified are acquisition drive, leadership motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, companionship of business, emotional due date, charisma, creativity and flexibility. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Strengths of Trait Theory let in its by nature pleasing, and it gives a detailed knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the leadership process. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) There are some limitations of the Trait Theory.They involve subjective judgment in find out who is regarded as a good or successful leader and the list of possible traits tends to be precise long. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Contingency Theory In contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, task, and/or throng variables. (Daft, 2011) Fiedlers contingency theory is the earliest and most extensively researched.Fiedlers approach departs from trait and behavioral models by asserting t hat group performance is contingent on the leaders psychological orientation and on three contextual variables group atmosphere, task structure, and leaders power position. (Contingency Theory of Leadership, 2012) fieldsman came up with his approach to leadership after realizing that leaders could function tumesce if they changed their styles to suit the situation at hand. (Smith, 2012) jibe to Fiedler, leadership style may be defined as the way leaders and employees interact with one another. Smith, 2012) It should be noted that Fielders theory does not cover each(prenominal) the possible factors affecting leadership. Some leaders may be much effective if they undergo cultivation or gain experience on the personal credit line. Such factors ready not been accounted for by the contingency theory. (Smith, 2012) Fielder was trying to say that leaders are not just successful or unsuccessful. Leaders can either be effective in certain situations and not all of them. Therefore, all individuals can become leaders if they choose the most provide situation to apply their leadership styles. Smith, 2012) Additionally, it is possible to make a leader more effective by altering the following position power, task structure and leader member relationships. Situational Theory The Situational Leadership Theory was developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The model shows that leadership of employees essential be adapted to the skills and job adulthood of the individual employee. (What is the Situational, 2010) The situational leadership style includes four leaderships styles.They include telling, selling, participating and delegating. Also the situational theory includes four maturity levels. They include M1, M2, M3 and M4. Telling is characterized by a strong leader categorizing roles for the employees, and who conducts his leadership with one-way parley. This leadership style is very autocratic, and is based upon followers being told what to do. (What is the Situ ational, 2010) Selling is characterized by a strong leader providing direction, but there is more communication with followers.Leaders are trying to sell their messages to the followers, so that the followers understand the importance of their duties, and understand why contrasting processes are important for the organization. (What is the Situational, 2010) Participating is characterized by two-way communication and shared decision making. Leaders include followers in job related aspects and in how task are to be accomplished. (What is the Situational, 2010) And Delegating is characterized by a leader leaving lots of the decision making power to the followers.Leaders are unsounded supervise progress, but are not as heavily involved in decision making processes. (What is the Situational, 2010) The maturity level M1 is followers with this level of maturity lack knowledge, skills, or confidence to work on their own. They often need to be directed and administrate before they take on tasks. (What is the Situational, 2010) Maturity level M2 is followers in this fellowship are still unable to take independent responsibility for tasks, but they are generally unstrained to work at the task. What is the Situational, 2010) Maturity level M3 are followers in this category are very experienced and able to perform the task at hand satisfactorily. And they do not have the confidence to take on sole responsibility for task transaction. (What is the Situational, 2010) With Maturity level M4, followers are experienced, and believe that they are able to perform well. They are not only able and willing to perform their tasks, but are too willing to take on independent responsibility for the accomplishment of tasks.By using the situational leadership model, leaders awarding the different needs of individuals, leaders may increase the learnedness curve of followers, and get a more skilled and motivated workforce in return. (What is the Situational, 2010) Behavioral Theo ry Behavioral approach does not focus on the internal states or mental qualities of the leaders. Based on this theory, a person can learn to be a leader through observation and teaching. This theory believed that the environment is a big factor of how a leader behaves. Most behaviorists assume that in recount to understand the behavior of the leaders must be observed.Every behavior can be observed and monitored through the responses in every stimulus. The behavioral theory also assumes that the qualities of a leader are developed, and everyone starts with a uninfected slate. It is believed that the qualities of a leader are make based also on the environmental factors. (Behavioral attack, 2012) Conclusion So in expiration I discussed in this paper four of the Leadership theories that we have learned about in this class. I went through and defined Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral theories.I also discussed the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each theory. References Behavioral Approach. (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//qualities-of-a-leader. com/behavioral-approach/ Cherry, K (2012). Leadership Theories 8 Major Leadership Theories. Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//psychology. about. com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories. htm Contingency Theory of Leadership (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//www. utwente. nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Organizational%20Communication/Contingency_Theories. doc/ Daft, R. L. (2011). The LeadershipLeadership TheoryBA365 Leadership Theory Mid Term Paper For this paper I decide to look at four of the leadership theories. The ones I chose are Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral. I will talk about the definitions of those four theories. Also I will discuss the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each. Leadership Theories There is a wide and ever growing variety of theories to explain the conc ept and practice of leadership to me leadership is a dynamic and complex process.Per our text book leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. (Daft, 2011) The theories that I will talk about simplify leadership into different theories. The first I will talk about is the Trait Theory. Trait theory assumes that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. (Cherry, 2012) Also Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. Cherry, 2012) Per our text book traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self confidence, and appearance. (Daft, 2011) Contingency Theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Su ccess with this theory depends upon a number of variables and qualities of the followers and aspects of the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Situational Theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variables. Cherry, 2012) Per our book the Hersey and Blanchards extension of the leadership grid focusing on the characteristics of followers as the important element of the situation, and consequently, of determining effective leader behavior. (Daft, 2011) Behavioral theories leadership is based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. This leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. Cherry, 2012) Trait Theory The trait model of leadership is based on the characteristics of many leaders both successful and unsuccessful and is used to predict leadership effectiveness. (Daft, 2011) The resulting li sts of traits are then compared to those of potential leaders to assess their likelihood of success or failure. Scholars taking the trait approach attempted to identify physiological, demographic, personality, intellective, task-related, and social characteristics with leader emergence and leader effectiveness. Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Among the core traits identified are achievement drive, leadership motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business, emotional maturity, charisma, creativity and flexibility. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Strengths of Trait Theory include its naturally pleasing, and it gives a detailed knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the leadership process. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) There are some limitations of the Trait Theory.They include subjective judgment in determining who is regarded as a good or successful leader and the list of possible traits tends to be very long. (Trai t Theory of Leadership, 2012) Contingency Theory In contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, task, and/or group variables. (Daft, 2011) Fiedlers contingency theory is the earliest and most extensively researched.Fiedlers approach departs from trait and behavioral models by asserting that group performance is contingent on the leaders psychological orientation and on three contextual variables group atmosphere, task structure, and leaders power position. (Contingency Theory of Leadership, 2012) Fielder came up with his approach to leadership after realizing that leaders could function well if they changed their styles to suit the situation at hand. (Smith, 2012) According to Fiedler, leadership style may be defined as the way leaders and employees interact with one another. Smith, 2012) It should be noted that Fielders theory does not cover all the possible factors affecting leadership. Some leaders may be more effective if they undergo training or gain experience on the job. Such factors have not been accounted for by the contingency theory. (Smith, 2012) Fielder was trying to say that leaders are not just successful or unsuccessful. Leaders can either be effective in certain situations and not all of them. Therefore, all individuals can become leaders if they choose the most appropriate situation to apply their leadership styles. Smith, 2012) Additionally, it is possible to make a leader more effective by altering the following position power, task structure and leader member relationships. Situational Theory The Situational Leadership Theory was developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The model shows that leadership of employees must be adapted to the skills and job maturity of the individual employee. (What is the Situational, 2010) The situational leadership style includes four leaderships styles.They include telling, selling, participating and delegating. Also the si tuational theory includes four maturity levels. They include M1, M2, M3 and M4. Telling is characterized by a strong leader categorizing roles for the employees, and who conducts his leadership with one-way communication. This leadership style is very autocratic, and is based upon followers being told what to do. (What is the Situational, 2010) Selling is characterized by a strong leader providing direction, but there is more communication with followers.Leaders are trying to sell their messages to the followers, so that the followers understand the importance of their duties, and understand why different processes are important for the organization. (What is the Situational, 2010) Participating is characterized by two-way communication and shared decision making. Leaders include followers in job related aspects and in how task are to be accomplished. (What is the Situational, 2010) And Delegating is characterized by a leader leaving much of the decision making power to the follower s.Leaders are still monitoring progress, but are not as heavily involved in decision making processes. (What is the Situational, 2010) The maturity level M1 is followers with this level of maturity lack knowledge, skills, or confidence to work on their own. They often need to be directed and supervised before they take on tasks. (What is the Situational, 2010) Maturity level M2 is followers in this category are still unable to take independent responsibility for tasks, but they are generally willing to work at the task. What is the Situational, 2010) Maturity level M3 are followers in this category are very experienced and able to perform the task at hand satisfactorily. And they do not have the confidence to take on sole responsibility for task accomplishment. (What is the Situational, 2010) With Maturity level M4, followers are experienced, and believe that they are able to perform well. They are not only able and willing to perform their tasks, but are also willing to take on ind ependent responsibility for the accomplishment of tasks.By using the situational leadership model, leaders honor the different needs of individuals, leaders may increase the learning curve of followers, and get a more skilled and motivated workforce in return. (What is the Situational, 2010) Behavioral Theory Behavioral approach does not focus on the internal states or mental qualities of the leaders. Based on this theory, a person can learn to be a leader through observation and teaching. This theory believed that the environment is a big factor of how a leader behaves. Most behaviorists assume that in order to understand the behavior of the leaders must be observed.Every behavior can be observed and monitored through the responses in every stimulus. The behavioral theory also assumes that the qualities of a leader are developed, and everyone starts with a clean slate. It is believed that the qualities of a leader are formed based also on the environmental factors. (Behavioral Appr oach, 2012) Conclusion So in conclusion I discussed in this paper four of the Leadership theories that we have learned about in this class. I went through and defined Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral theories.I also discussed the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each theory. References Behavioral Approach. (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//qualities-of-a-leader. com/behavioral-approach/ Cherry, K (2012). Leadership Theories 8 Major Leadership Theories. Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//psychology. about. com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories. htm Contingency Theory of Leadership (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//www. utwente. nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Organizational%20Communication/Contingency_Theories. doc/ Daft, R. L. (2011). The Leadership